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Historians Figure Out How Ancient Sailors Navigated Mediterranean By Building One of Their Ships_我的网站

一 |     近日，浙江省人民政府办公厅印发《关于推进脑机接口产学研联动的若干措施》，明确要聚焦脑机接口领域科技创新和产业创新深度融合，以医疗、消费、工业等重大应用场景建设为牵引，构建产业共培、资源统筹、风险共担、利益共享的产学研联动机制。《若干措施》将于9月10日起实施。《若干措施》指出，到2027年，企业主导的产学研联动机制有效运行，脑机接口核心软硬件自主创新能力大幅提升，研发5个以上代表性产品并率先实现验证应用，脑机接口未来产业营收超过50亿元；到2030年，产学研联动机制高效运行，脑机接口领域科技创新和产业创新深度融合，形成一批典型应用场景和商业化应用产品，培育一批科技领军企业，建成具有较强国际竞争力的脑机接口技术和产业创新高地。如何实现？加强基础研究和关键核心技术攻关是其中关键一环。

二 | 根据《若干措施》，浙江将实施国家自然科学基金联合基金生命健康重大专项和省应用基础研究计划项目，加强重大脑疾病机制机理、新型脑机接口等研究，省应用基础研究计划单个项目最高补助300万元。实施脑机接口省重大科技专项，重点突破脑机接口基础软硬件，推进听视觉假体、智能手腿、抑郁治疗等产品研发与推广应用，单个项目最高补助1000万元。与此同时，浙江还将聚焦产学研协同攻关，组建脑机接口创新联合体；鼓励脑机接口企业与高校院所、科创平台实施伙伴计划、共建联合实验室（联合研发中心）等；企业牵头实施的脑机接口领域“尖兵”项目比例原则上不低于70%。

三 |     What better way to figure out a mystery of the ancients than to try it out yourself? That’s what one sailing aficionado from Israel did when confronted with a puzzle from the Christian Bible.,David Gal, a doctoral student in the Department of Maritime Civilizations at the University of Haifa, says he has figured out why the Christian Apostle Paul sailed from Judea to Rome along the southern coast of Anatolia in 60 CE - a route that, to him, wasn’t the most obvious one, since most winds in the Mediterranean are westerlies and Paul was going west.,That year, Paul was sent to the imperial capital to answer to Jewish authorities for preaching the teachings of Jesus of Nazareth, who claimed to have been the Jewish messiah. Most Jews did not accept Jesus’ teachings, and he was tried and executed by crucifixion for blasphemy and subversion in either 30 or 33 CE.,Paul’s journey is recounted in unusual detail in the New Testament book of Acts. The preacher zigzagged his way across the sea, swinging north of Cyprus before heading to the city of Myra (modern Demre) in southern Anatolia. From there, he went west past Rhodes, to Knidos, then south to the southern coast of Crete and west across the southernmost parts of the Ionian Sea. However, he was shipwrecked in Malta and his journey took much longer than anticipated.,“Until recently, we didn’t understand why the Alexandrian grain ship that Paul joined in southern Anatolia, bound for Rome, chose that particular route,” Gal told Haaretz.,The boat, Ma’agan Mikhael II, is a replica of a ship found in 1985 about 2 meters underneath the seabed off the coast of Kibbutz Ma’agan Mikhael in northern Israel, not far from Caesarea. In ancient times, the city was known as Caesarea Maritima or Caesarea Palestine, named after the Roman emperor Augustus Caesar. The replica boat was finished in 2016 and is just one of two ships in the world that simulates a merchant sailing vessel from Before the Common Era (BCE).,By coincidence, Caesarea also happens to be the port from which Paul left on his trip to Rome.,In part, Gal’s study was based on computer modeling, which combined vast amounts of weather data and conducted 5,479 virtual sailing trips along 224 different possible routes from Caesarea to Rome, for a total of 1.2 million virtual sailing trips. However, that wasn’t enough: Gal also took a crew of 10 volunteer sailors out in the Ma’agan Mikhael II to explore the intangible human element of the journey. With just one sail, the ship moves along at a brisk 3.9 miles per hour.,“Only when we sailed on Ma’agan Mikhael II did we understand the real limitations of the ship and the sailors,” Gal told Haaretz. “We found that in many sections of the coast, the breeze doesn’t support this type of movement.”,“They didn’t sail counter to the prevailing wind, but waited for days with a favorable wind in the opposite direction,” Gal concluded. “We found there were such days in a large meteorological sampling. Until now, scholars didn’t examine that but used low-resolution meteorological averages that erase the variance in the wind.”,Gal said he has taken the ship out more than 80 times, sailing as far as Cyprus, and found that the daily wind patterns, in which breezes can blow westward from the Levantine coast, have remained strong after 3,000 years. By navigating those patterns, ancient sailors could have crept up the coast until they found more favorable winds.,“We have data about its performance in all wind conditions and how various currents affect it, and that enables us to conduct a reliable simulation of sailing. With its help, we acquired insights into the way such a ship is operated; we had a better understanding of how four people can sail from Greece to here and back,” he said.。开展临床研究是畅通成果高效转化的关键。

四 | 浙江将结合临床资源优势、规范管理能力等，分类建设脑机接口临床试验基地、临床与转化病房、临床预备队列；对深度参与脑机接口临床前研究并协助产品上市的研究型医院给予补助，单个项目不超过800万元。此外，浙江还将加快标准制定，针对脑机接口交互术语、技术标准、安全规范等关键环节，支持企业、高校院所、科创平台、医疗机构等牵头制定国际标准、国家标准、重要地方标准，符合条件的分别给予不超过100万元/项、50万元/项、10万元/项的补助，并作为省重大科技计划项目绩效评价指标。

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